The heart is a vital organ that requires proper care to maintain overall health. Unfortunately, heart diseases have surpassed cancer as the leading cause of death in India, accounting for nearly one-fourth of all fatalities. The number of deaths due to cardiac issues has steadily risen over the past two decades.
The most common heart disease in India is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), which reduces blood flow to the heart and often leads to heart attacks. Understanding the types, symptoms, and diagnostic tests for heart diseases can help in early detection and treatment.
1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Coronary Artery Disease arises when plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Over time, this plaque causes the arteries to narrow or become completely blocked, a condition known as atherosclerosis.
Symptoms of CAD:
- Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
- Weakness or fatigue
- Light-headedness or dizziness
- Nausea
- Cold sweat
- Discomfort in the arms, shoulders, jaw, or back
- Shortness of breath
2. Rheumatic Heart Disease
Rheumatic Heart Disease is caused by damage to the heart valves following untreated or under-treated bacterial infections such as strep throat or scarlet fever. This inflammatory condition can lead to long-term complications.
Symptoms of Rheumatic Heart Disease:
- Painful, swollen joints (commonly in the knees and ankles)
- Fever
- Nodules under the skin
- Red, raised rash, especially on the chest, back, or abdomen
- Shortness of breath
- Chest discomfort or weakness
In severe cases:
- Difficulty breathing while lying down
- Significant chest pain
- Swelling in the legs or abdomen
3. Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypertensive Heart Disease results from long-term high blood pressure (hypertension) that remains uncontrolled. This condition can lead to heart failure or irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias).
Symptoms of Hypertensive Heart Disease:
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Palpitations
- Dizziness
- Fainting
4. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
A heart attack occurs when a part of the heart muscle doesn’t receive enough blood flow, often due to a blockage in the coronary arteries. If left untreated, the damage to the heart muscle can become severe.
Symptoms of a Heart Attack:
- Chest pain or discomfort in the center or left side of the chest
- Weakness or light-headedness
- Cold sweat
- Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, back, arms, or shoulders
- Shortness of breath
Tests for Diagnosing Heart Diseases
If you experience symptoms of heart disease, visiting a trusted cardiac center like AllCure Superspecialty is essential. Several diagnostic tests can help identify heart conditions, including:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): Measures electrical activity in the heart.
- Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to create images of the heart.
- Exercise Stress Test: Assesses heart function during physical activity.
- Chest X-ray: Checks for heart and lung abnormalities.
- Cardiac Catheterization: Examines blood flow and pressure in the heart.
- Coronary Angiogram: Detects blockages in coronary arteries.
- Calcium Scan: Identifies calcium deposits in coronary arteries.
Conclusion
Heart diseases, particularly Coronary Artery Disease, are among the leading causes of death in India. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and weakness. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, these conditions can often be prevented or managed effectively.
At AllCure Superspecialty, we offer advanced cardiac care with state-of-the-art technology and expert heart specialists. Take control of your heart health by booking a consultation today.
📞 Contact us: 022 2839 3738
🏥 Visit us at: Jogeshwari Station Road, Jogeshwari East, above ICICI BANK ATM, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400060.